Intravenous urography is one of the imaging tests that help to detect the problems of the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder. When performed properly, MRU may provide imaging quality generally comparable to that of CTU, and it enables comprehensive evaluation of the entire urinary tract. If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to reset your password. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. It also is possible to biopsy suspected. 2. MRU is limited by longer examination times than for CT urography, decreased spatial resolution. 2 EDV/second. An intravenous pyelogram is sometimes abbreviated as "IVP. JAI KUMAR, DRDT 2ND YEAR, KILPAUK MEDICAL COLLEGE, CHENNAI-10. Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. Necessary patient information should be accessible. Renografin-60 Description. Editorial team. With expansions in use of cross-sectional imaging, the computed tomographic (CT) nephrogram (ie, contrast material enhancement within the renal parenchyma) has assumed a greater role in the evaluation of urinary tract disorders. Verify the code selections in the CPT manual, located in the Radiology chapter, subsections Diagnostic Radiology, Abdomen. The first approach combines axial CT with timed excretory urography (EU) performed by using conventional. 8 % on the left. このツイートをRT 2. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the fourth most frequent tumor in Western countries and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), affecting pyelocaliceal cavities and ureter, accounts for 5–10% of all UCs. The differential diagnosis of renal disease is extensive. But if voiding criteria of a maximal urinary flow rate < 10 mL/sec. An intravenous pyelogram is sometimes abbreviated as "IVP. The aim was to develop clinical guidelines for multidetector computed tomography urography (CTU) by a group of experts from the European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR). 22, No. Intravenous urography is a radiographic technique that uses iodinated contrast material to visualize the urinary tract. Silkscreening is familiar to us in countless. 2 mg sodium citrate and 0. Radiologic evaluation of patients with renal infections. NUCLEAR VENTRICULOGRAM: Following injection of 22 mCi of Tc-99m, ventriculogram was done and ejection fraction was calculated. Dynamic renal scintigraphy is the gold standard technique to evaluate drainage curves and split renal function (SRF). Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is the 10 th most common diagnosed cancer in the world in 2020 []. Urography makes images of the bladder, kidneys, and ureters (tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder). planes of view. 4. GI Tract. CT urography. Bladder injuries are the most frequent urologic injury inadvertently caused by a surgeon. Vaginal fistulas (VF) represent abnormal communications between the vagina and either the distal portion of the digestive system or the lower urinary tract, but lack an accepted classification and standardised terminology. It gives both anatomical and functional information, albeit with a relatively higher dose of radiation. Treatment options vary and depend on the. Imaging the urinary tract: Correct use of radiography and ultrasonography (Proceedings) Survey radiography is commonly used to image the urinary tract and provides information on size, shape, opacity, location and, margination of urinary organs. The role of CT in the imaging of patients with hematuria has become well established, and CT urography is regularly used in both the out-patient and emergency settings. There is a strong male predilection (M:F = 4:1), at least in part due to many tumors (especially historically) having been due to industrial exposure (see below). Renografin-60 (Diatrizoate Meglumine and Diatrizoate Sodium Injection USP) is a radiopaque contrast agent supplied as a sterile, aqueous solution. Zanco J. Omni 350 (undiluted): 50-100 mL, dependent on nature of procedure and patient size. NDA 21-859/S-009 Page 4 . A fast server speeds up a website. doi: 10. We have restrospectively analyzed computed tomography urography image series performed in the Department of Pediatric Radiology, in children with suspected congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract. We welcome you to browse our collection of serigraphs by M. NB: This article is intended to outline some general principles of. Cross-sectional imaging, as performed with MRU and CT. CT urogram is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) to visualize the urinary tract. However, the principal disadvantage of CT urography is that there is an increased patient radiation dose associated with the technique; with attention to detail. There is a male-to-female ratio of 3:2. Making wise treatment decisions and planning. BUN 30 mg/dL. Objective: To assess the upper urinary tract opacification and the diagnostic performance of one-bolus dual-source dual-energy CT urography (CTU) for painless hematuria. It gives both anatomical and functional information, albeit with a relatively higher dose of radiation. An IVP is an imaging test used to look at the kidneys and ureters. Objective: The purpose of our study was to derive time-intensity curves for the renal cortex and medulla from 3D dynamic MR urography and to assess whether these curves are predictive of obstruction. The role of ultrasound and intravenous urography. Appropriate therapy is ureteronephrectomy if the lesion is unilateral with secondary hydronephrosis and. It allows comprehensive evaluation of the kidneys and urinary tract in children by. Methods In this retrospective study, we searched the. Pathology. John R. However, urology coders can bill codes 52005 and 74420 ( urography, retrograde, with or without KUB) together to get reimbursed for a retrogade pyelogram, says Thomas A. In the remainder, the superior, or. The high contrast and spatial resolution afforded by CT allow detection and evaluation of subtle differences in very small structures. フォロー＆RTキャンペーン！. An intravenous. 6. MR urography can be an alternative to other imaging methods of the urinary tract in children. intravesical or intramural ureter: within the bladder wall. As for the existing. During the test, the radiologist injects a contrast dye into one of your veins. During a cystoscopy, the healthcare provider. This test helps healthcare providers identify blockages in the urinary tract and may be used to identify the cause of hematuria. [1] Types include: Intravenous pyelogram – In which a contrast solution is introduced. : radiography of a part of the urinary tract (as a kidney or ureter) after injection of a radiopaque substance. nccowan. CONCLUSION. e. Pinned Tweet. Open the Inspect Network Activity Demo in a new tab or window: To open DevTools, right-click the webpage, and then select Inspect. …. OBJECTIVE. Abstract. 10. Sci. This page contains 10 words. Code 74420 is the code radiologists use to read the pyelogram. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. It is now widely accepted as the most thorough imaging evaluation in the workup of hematuria,. 1016/s0891-5520 (03)00007-2. doi: 10. In females, the most common sites for ureter insertion are the bladder neck and. Nephrotomography is a combination of rapid intravenous nephrography and body-section radiography. IVU is now infrequently used in the assessment of a pediatric patient. Hives. Although renal imaging is not indicated routinely in cases of uncomplicated renal infection, CT is a highly sensitive modality to diagnose and guide the management of patients with acute renal infection. Some authors defined loopogram as water-soluble contrast stomal enema that accesses. NB: This article is intended to outline some general principles of. The typical length of a ureteral polyp ranges from 1-5 cm, occasionally exceeding 10 cm in length. FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION 1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE . Hold all po and long-acting insulin Take ½ short-acting insulin dose the morning of the procedure. This contrast fluid, which passes quickly into the urine, may be taken orally or injected intravenously. Deleted and Revised Urinary Codes. HorribleSubs is a fansub group translating, timing, encoding and editing it's anime shows. There are other useful and cheap methods for evaluating ureteric fistula including the use of dye test. Article History Received: May 3 2016 Revision requested: June 16 2016 Revision received: July 22 2016 Accepted: Aug 11 2016 Published online: Jan 11 2017Intravenous urography is usually carried out with the patient recumbent, in the face-up position. 2008 Jan-Feb;28 (1):23-46; discussion 46-7. Liver and spleen not enlarged. A retrograde urethrogram (RUG) is a test healthcare providers use to see if your urethra (the tube you pee through) is damaged or if there’s scar tissue blocking your urine flow. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. CT Urography has to be tailored to clinical indication and could be performed with different protocols, including at least an excretory phase []. Oblivion:Lord Rugdumph gro-Shurgak. MRU is limited by longer examination times than for CT urography, decreased spatial resolution. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A diminished capacity to form and pass urine (less than 500 mL per day) is called:, Which of the following involves radiologic examination of the renal pelvis and ureter after injection of a contrast medium into the renal pelvis and is an alternative to intravenous urography?, Incision of the kidney to. CONCLUSION. , Vol. HYLENEX recombinant is indicated as an adjuvant in subcutaneous fluid administration forULTRAVIST (iopromide injection) Product Monograph Page 5 of 34 4 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 4. , Vol. Two major approaches to CT urography have been developed. The American Urological Association Best Practices Policy guidelines recommend IV or CT urography as the initial imaging test for patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria. b. Renal masses are recognized on US by a distortion of the normal tissue architecture. A. An X-ray takes a picture of the inside of your body by delivering a small dose of radiation. The urographic examination should involve consultation between the referring physician and the radiologist. jleyende@wfubmc. , Following administration of oral contrast medium, gallbladder x-ray indicates satisfactory concentration, the outline is. Kent, CMM, president of Kent Medical Management in Dunkirk, Md. Computed tomography (CT) urography is the best noninvasive method of evaluating the upper urinary tract for urothelial malignancies. It is however expensive and requires expertise. MR urography (MRU) can be used to thoroughly evaluate the renal parenchyma, the pelvicaliceal system, and the rest of the urinary tract in a single imaging study as in CT urography [ 1] but without radiation exposure and IV contrast administration. Its features may be suggestive of ureteric fistula and it is of great value when medicolegal issues arise. Rarely, problems like a UTI (urinary tract infection) can occur. 5. 4 % on the right and 21. 絹糸みたいにキラン. CTU has a sensitivity for detecting upper tract urothelial malignancy of about 96% and a specificity of 99%. Also reviewed by David C. portal venous phase. Intravenous pyelography (IVP) or excretory urography (EU) are commonly used as alternative but less accurate terms. Hematocrit 30%. The replacement domain is nyaa. Careful analysis of the nephrogram is an integral component of the evaluation of the kidneys during CT urography. 2 – 5. A Fig. The eight abnormal. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like One-view x-ray of abdomen reveals no abnormal soft tissue masses, gas shadows, or calcifications. An appropriate angle must be given in the axial plane (perpendicular to the left kidney calyx). Given the importance of information obtained, and the varying quality. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a misnomer as it implies. 2012. help to evaluate functional and anatomical abnormalities of the. doi: 10. This server responds 79. Also known as intravenous urography, healthcare providers use intravenous pyelogram to diagnose problems in your kidneys, ureters and bladder. Metformin. An ideal page contains between 400 and 600 words. Visualized bones appear normal. The MRU study is done in a magnetic. 0T- magnetic resonance urography (MRU) protocol versus triple-phase computed tomography urography (CTU). H. つまぐ. With the recent introduction of multi–detector row helical computed tomography (CT), the radiologic evaluation of patients with urologic disease has changed rapidly. Little scientific evidence exists concerning optimal pressure while performing an APG. Magnetic resonance urography (MRU) is increasingly being used for comprehensive anatomic and functional evaluation of the urinary tract in children. ルリのアカウント（ @tumaguraruri. This pictorial essay reviews the CT imaging appearance of acute and chronic pyelonephritis, their uncommon subtypes, and their complications, with key features for early diagnosis. Besides technical aspects and patient body habitus, the performance of US in detecting renal tumors depends on tumor echogenicity, size, and location []. Or, press Ctrl+Shift+J. A series of X-ray pictures is then taken at timed intervals. Urography is a radiologic technique used for evaluation of the genitourinary system—specifically, the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. @RIPARGH. Plan the sagittal slice on the coronal plane; angle the positioning block parallel to the left ureter. It is a powerful tool that enables detailed anatomic evaluation of the urinary tract in order to identify primary urothelial malignancies, benign urinary tract conditions, and associated abdominopelvic pathologies. The dye travels through the blood stream and collects. The latest tweets from @rurigraphUrography. A properly performed study provides essential information regarding laterality, renal size, thickness, and architecture. Renal papillary necrosis is not a pathologic entity but rather a descriptive term for a condition—necrosis of the renal papillae—that has various possible causes. ANIMALS 13 New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The role of CT in the imaging of patients with hematuria has become well established, and CT urography is regularly used in both the out-patient and emergency settings. Intravenous urogram (IVU) zero-minute ventrodorsal radiograph of the abdomen of the dog in Figure 1. Urography with conventional x-ray is known as intravenous. Ureteroceles are characterized by dilation of the submucosal ureter segment within the bladder. upper tract urothelial carcinoma. 74018. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the fourth most frequent tumor in Western countries and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), affecting pyelocaliceal cavities and ureter, accounts for 5–10% of all UCs. , Which modifiers are commonly added to radiology codes to indicate the component provided? a. An unenhanced phase is used to detect stones, calcifications, hemorrhages, clots, and to measure the attenuation coefficients of the renal and urothelial masses [7,8,9]. CONCLUSION. 2008 Jan;18 (1):4-17. Cross-sectional images can show severe caliectasis that is not shown on. つまぐ. The ureters are tubes which go from each kidney to your bladder. Objectives: To compare functional magnetic resonance (MR) urography with dynamic. Gross anatomy. Hi! I'm Ripa and I love drawing portraits and my WoL 🙇♀️🙈😳 #PortfolioDay. Retrograde pyelography uses a special dye ("contrast agent") injected into the ureters. During the test, the radiologist injects a contrast dye into one of your veins. kidneys, pelvicalyceal systems, ureters and bladder. Pain near the injection site. Ultrasound is the main imaging study used to diagnose ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. There is a strong male predilection. The functions of the kidney are complex and include: (1) excretion of surplus water and the final metabolic products; (2) maintenance of the constant composition of body fluids; (3) preservation of the acid–base balance; and (4) endocrine function manifested as production and release of erythropoietin, renin and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. These are often treated with antihistamines. Sequential films or the use of image-intensified. Fluoroscopy / CT. MR urography (MRU) can be used to thoroughly evaluate the renal parenchyma, the pelvicaliceal system, and the rest of the urinary tract in a single imaging study as in CT urography [ 1] but without radiation exposure and IV contrast administration. urinary frequency and urgency (day or night) recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) a single UTI in a susceptible or high-risk person, such as an infant. Necessary patient information should be accessible. Materials and method. Imaging the Urinary Tract. 2. 下記2点を行って頂いた方の中から1名様に添付画像の「ルリの着用済みサルートと非公開写真2枚」をプレゼント🎊 1. Retrograde urography can be unilateral and bilateral, with. Because cystoscopy is considered the reference standard examination for evaluation of the bladder and diagnosis of bladder malignancies, the bladder has been a largely ignored. g. Nyaa Si is the most popular successor. However, any person or company accessing AUA guidelines for promotional or commercial use must obtain a licensed copy. A. abdominal pain or mass, such as swelling in a. Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. " Abstract. During the. Over the past decade, computed tomographic (CT) urography has emerged as the primary imaging modality for evaluating the urinary tract in various clinical settings, including the initial workup of. 2—77-year-old man with renal cell. A) Retrograde. Urography is also often performed using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Background: Functional MR urography (fMRU) has developed into an innovative, radiation-free option for assessing parameters of kidney function in pediatric radiology. Kidney failure, also known as renal failure, is a term used to describe a situation in which the kidneys are no longer able to function effectively. McClennan said "patie. An x-ray exam helps doctors diagnose and treat medical conditions. An intravenous pyelogram lets your doctor view your kidneys, your bladder and the tubes that carry urine from your kidneys to your bladder (ureters). Magnetic resonance imaging of the upper tract (pyelocalyces and ureters) or MR Urography (MRU) is technically possible and when performed correctly offers similar visualization of the upper tracts and for detection of non-calculous diseases of the collecting system similar specificity but with lower sensitivity compared to CTU. When IVU is done, abdominal compression may improve visualization of the renal pelvis and proximal ureters (with application) and distal ureters (after release). 後ろからたくさん突いてやってください🫣. The diagnosis is often based on a high index of clinical. ”. The first approach combines axial CT with timed excretory urography (EU) performed by using conventional radiography, digital radiography, or CT scanned projection. Imaging the urinary tract: Correct use of radiography and ultrasonography (Proceedings) Survey radiography is commonly used to image the urinary tract and provides information on size, shape, opacity, location and, margination of urinary organs. Computed tomography of kidneys, ureters and bladder (CT KUB) is a quick non-invasive technique for diagnosis of urolithiasis. It also compares intravenous urography with MR urography, a newer modality that does not require iodine or radiation exposure. (2), August, 2018 48 hours before liver, lung or kidney biopsies. This procedure is performed by administering a contrast agent (iodinated compound) in a vein and then. Introduction: Trauma to the genitourinary system includes blunt and penetrating injuries to bladder and ureters. This compares with the last reported values of 31%, 33%, and 24%. Course. The insidious onset and non-specific constitutional symptoms of genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) often lead to delayed. つまぐ （@rurigraph）さんの人気ツイート（新しい順）. When a CT is requested, it will be vetted by a radiologist or radiographer to determine the study is justified and what the most suitable parameters by which that CT should be performed - this may. 1016/s0891-5520 (03)00007-2. He or she uses X-ray images to watch the contrast dye as it moves from the kidney into the ureter and then to the. 2. MR urography: techniques and clinical applications. Urography uses imaging and contrast material to evaluate or detect blood in urine, kidney or bladder stones, and cancer in the urinary tract. つまぐ. 1—47-year-old woman with right renal calculus. Overview of renal function. OBJECTIVE. Purpose Computed tomography urography (CTU) has emerged as the modality of choice for imaging the urinary tract within the past few decades. The external urethral sphincter, located in the urogenital. It can be used to assess congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, which often present as urinary tract dilation. Uneven caliectasis is caused by the varying degree of fibrosis and obstruction at various sites [ 1 ]. Volume rendering is primarily done for better. Omnipaque 240/300/350. It may also be injected directly into the area being examined. CPT Code 74177 Long description CPT 74177: Computed tomography, abdomen. 本ツイートをRT 2. The ureters are the narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. F. He and his daughter, Lady Rogbut gra-Shurgak, live. It offers a thorough evaluation of the urinary system, making it easier to pinpoint the obstruction's location, characterize ureteral lesions, and determine the underlying reason. Here,. This procedure is performed with cystoscopy by placement of an. The dye makes the ureters and kidneys more easily seen on the x-ray. ivpsr. : radiography of a part of the urinary tract (as a kidney or ureter) after injection of a radiopaque substance. We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases for California and Florida from. Multi-detector row CT urography depicted many clinically diagnosed urinary tract abnormalities, including 15 of 16 uroepithelial malignancies, five congenital anomalies, five urinary tract calculi, and 18 calyceal and/or papillary, 30 renal pelvic and/or ureteral, and 25 bladder abnormalities. This test is like an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). …. Remove the stone (s) and submit for calculi analysis. Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. It is usually considered the initial imaging modality for suspected urolithiasis in an emergency setting 1. But, multiple tests or radiation exposures may cause a slightly increased cancer risk. MR urography correctly showed normal insertion in 7/19 children. The ureter is 25-30 cm long and has three parts: abdominal ureter: from the renal pelvis to the pelvic brim. Alternatively, patients may present with a complication (accounting for ~10% of patients), including: urinary tract infection. Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. CT urography is an excellent technique for the evaluation of urinary tract calculi and renal masses, having high sensitivity and specificity for both conditions because it facilitates multiplanar imaging of the urinary system. MR urography is clinically useful in the evaluation of suspected urinary tract obstruction, hematuria, and congenital anomalies, as well as surgically altered anatomy, and can be particularly beneficial in. The ureters are the long tubes that connect your kidneys to your bladder. Urinary bladder cancer has a high recurrence rate, necessitating long-term surveillance after initial. HorribleSubs is a fansub group translating, timing, encoding and editing it's anime shows. Recommended PO dose: 500-1000 mL. The functional analysis of the MRU scan still requires external post-pr. If you would like to inquire on available works or have any additional questions, please get in touch at +1 650-770-9088 or. Magnetic resonance urography (MR urography) is a MRI study that predominantly used to image congenital abnormalities of the urinary system. It can reveal various abnormalities, such as stones, tumors, infections, and congenital anomalies. The procedure involves introducing contrast into the urinary system in a retrograde fashion with simultaneous imaging using dynamic fluoroscopy. CECT of abdomen. Renal papillary necrosis is not a pathologic entity but rather a descriptive term for a condition—necrosis of the renal papillae—that has various possible causes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a saline bolus during CT urography improves urinary collecting system opacification and whether the addition of enhanced CT digital radiography (CTDR) improves urinary collecting system visualization with or without a saline bolus. MR urography showed ectopic ureter in 9/19 children; one proved to be a false-positive. Several methods are used to diagnose upper urinary tract obstruction including renal ultrasonography (US), intravenous pyelogram (IVP), diuretic renography (DR), magnetic resonance urography (MRU) and. Although commonly associated with obstructive uropathy, parenchymal renal pathology or impaired renal. Figure 2. Nyaa Si is the most popular successor. Sonourethrography plays an important role in the assessment of the thickness and length of bulbar urethral stricture. Classic clinical symptoms and signs may also be absent but patients may present with abdominal/flank pain, renal failure and/or urine leaking from the vagina 5. CT scan, Magnetic resonance elastography, Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration, Barium enema, CT urogram, Magnetic. How did you get them in that way? The method I thought you used was the same one I use (Decompiling the Character's bundle files) Also can we move this convo. E. CT urography for hematuria. CT urography ( CTU or CT IVU ), also known as CT intravenous pyelography ( CT IVP ), has now largely replaced traditional IVU in imaging the genitourinary tract. To prospectively compare the diagnostic performance and the visualization of the upper urinary tract (UUT) using a comprehensive 3. Previously, it described uses for the code in its descriptor including the words, “pyelostogram,” “nephrostogram” and “loopogram. 22-3 ). Abstract: For many years, intravenous urography (IVU) was the modality of choice for diagnosing urinary tract abnormalities. It forms also an integral part of trauma and oncologic staging protocols and can be conducted as part of. 14 1643 2. Auscultate for bruits in the client's fistula every 4 hr. The ureter begins its descent to the bladder by running along the medial aspect of the psoas muscle. An ultrasound or a computed tomography (CT) scan may be combined with an Intravenous Pyelogram if more details about the urinary tract are. In the remaining 3/19 children distal ureter could not be seen, hence insertion was indeterminate on MR urography. The ureters are the long tubes that connect your kidneys to your bladder. Rurigraph已更新到最新章節,全集章節目錄免費閱讀,下拉式頁麵,章節免費在線閱讀。 Magnetic resonance (MR) urography comprises an evolving group of techniques with the potential for allowing optimal noninvasive evaluation of many abnormalities of the urinary tract. An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is an x-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder that uses iodinated contrast material injected into veins. The eight abnormal nephrographic patterns will be illustrated and discussed. CT urography ( CTU or CT IVU ), also known as CT intravenous pyelography ( CT IVP ), has now largely replaced traditional IVU in imaging the genitourinary tract. Leyendecker, in Problem Solving in Abdominal Imaging, 2009 Magnetic Resonance Urography. 4 mg edetate disodium are added. ボツ画供養～！. Pelviureteric junction obstruction is most commonly unilateral but is reported to be bilateral in ~30% (range 10-49%) of cases 10. Magnetic resonance urography (MRU) is an important MRI application that provides noninvasive comprehensive morphological and functional evaluation of the kidneys and urinary tract. A computerized tomography (CT) urogram is an imaging exam used to evaluate the urinary tract. OBJECTIVE. The greater radiation dose of. Some reserve the term "pyelography" to refer to retrograde opacification of the collecting system. The alternative Nyaa torrent indexer is build with Python, MySQL/MariaDB and Elasticsearch and its code base NyaaV2 published on GitHub. These structures make up your urinary tract. Urography Urography uses imaging and contrast material to evaluate or detect blood in urine, kidney or bladder stones, and cancer in the urinary tract. Duplication occurs when 2 separate ureteric buds arise from a single Wolffian duct. Circumcaval ureter, also known as retrocaval ureter, is a term used to describe an abnormal course of a ureter that encircles the inferior vena cava. The volume and rate of injection will depend primarily on the type of equipment and technique used. Magnetic resonance urography (MRU) is an important MRI application that provides noninvasive comprehensive morphological and functional evaluation of the kidneys and urinary tract. Retrograde urethrography is the primary imaging modality for evaluating traumatic injuries and inflammatory and stricture diseases of the male urethra. Pyelogram (or pyelography or urography) is a form of imaging of the renal pelvis and ureter. Retrograde urography is an invasive procedure for X-ray examination of the ureters, renal pelvis and cups, in which a contrast agent is injected using a ureteral catheter. Materials and methods: Of 128 patients at high risk for upper tract urothelial carcinoma who were examined with both CT urography and excretory urography. MR urography (MRU) can be used to thoroughly evaluate the renal parenchyma, the pelvicaliceal system, and the rest of the urinary tract in a single imaging study as in CT urography [ 1] but without radiation exposure and IV contrast administration. Typically, the benefit of an accurate diagnosis far outweighs this risk. Although voiding cystourethrography is frequently used to. Prepare a Patient for an Ultrasound.